Scottish Funeral Etiquette, Traditions, Rituals, and Attire

From the soulful strains of the bagpipe to intricate proceedings, Scottish funeral etiquette is rich with symbolism. Attire, often traditional kilts and tartan patterns, enhances the impact.

Scottish funerals are more than ceremonies; they embody vibrant culture, resilient spirit, and enduring regard for the passed.

Key elements include:

• History and traditions
• Greetings and attire
• The funeral service
• Funeral processions

This article explores what makes Scottish funerals unique and moving.

Funeral Traditions in Scottish Culture

Scotland has diverse local customs for marking the end of life. The rugged landscapes fostered traditions differing from community to community. Today, dark clothing, expressions of condolences, and moments of silence are common. In some close-knit communities, visiting the family at home with food and drink is traditional.

Historical Roots of Scottish Funeral Customs

Scottish funeral customs are deeply rooted in folklore and cultural heritage:

• The Celts: Believed in an afterlife and forewarned death through omens, showing acceptance of death.
• Pagan Scots: Celebrated warriors’ deaths as passage to immortality. Glory in battle welcomed souls to the Otherworld.
• Ancient Scots: Washed and wrapped bodies in burial cloths.
• Highlands: Wooden plate with earth and salt on the chest symbolizing body and soul (link).
• Galloway: Doors left ajar, copper coins on eyes, mirrors covered, clocks stopped (link).

Wakes or "Fèillirean"

The wake, or “Fèillirean,” brings family and community together to share memories:

• Traditionally similar to Irish wakes (link).
• Gairloch mourners stopped work until the funeral, keeping doors and windows open (link).
• “Wake watching” involved guarding the body 24 hours a day to protect from spirits (link).
• Wakes could end with music, dance, food, and drink, celebrating life even in death.

Dress Code and Attire

Traditional Scottish funeral attire symbolizes heritage and respect:

• Men: Kilts in family tartan, black jacket, tie, and white shirt.
• Women: Modest dresses, tartan sashes or shawls.
• Gender Neutral: Dark conservative clothing, minimal accessories, tartan ties/scarves for respect.

Every tartan represents a Scottish clan, honoring the deceased's heritage and fostering a sense of unity.

Arrival and Greetings

• Arrive on time; punctuality shows respect.
• Condolence phrases like “I’m deeply sorry for your loss” are meaningful.
• Non-verbal gestures such as a gentle touch or flowers communicate empathy.
• Offer support with cards, flowers, or helping with funeral logistics.

Order of the Funeral Service and Participation

The order of service typically includes:

• Arrival of the funeral cortege, family, and friends.
• Welcome note and prayer by minister or celebrant.
• Eulogy, hymns, readings, bagpipe lament, and committal.

Active participation in hymns and prayers, including "Auld Lang Syne," is encouraged as a mark of respect.

Funeral Procession and Graveside Customs

• Mourners follow the hearse on foot or by car.
• Graveside ceremonies include prayers, readings, and bagpipe music.
• It’s customary to toss soil and sometimes whisky onto the coffin.

Photography and Technology

• Always ask permission before taking photos.
• Minimize mobile device usage to respect privacy.
• Technology allows remote participation for those unable to attend.

Conclusion

Scottish funeral etiquette blends centuries of tradition, attire, and rituals. Attendees honor life, uphold customs, and provide comfort to the bereaved. Participation goes beyond mere presence, emphasizing empathy, respect, and cultural continuity.